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50. That’s the number of years Tibet has been under Chinese government rule. 6,000. The number of approximate number of monasteries destroyed as a result of the Chinese occupation. 54. The rising percentage of Han Chinese currently residing in Tibet. Why has the problem in Tibet persisted for so long? The history of human rights violations in China is not one easily forgotten. From the Dalai Lama’s escape from Tibet and Chinese authorities in 1959 to the peaceful protests that resulted in innocent casualties in spring of 2009, the Tibet issue has always served a prime example of some of the human rights violations in the modern world. The fact is, before the arrival of the Chinese in 1949, Tibet was already an established nation with a government, language, and legal system. (Free Tibet Paragraph 1) The Chinese, upon their arrival, had believed that Tibet was meant to be theirs; something like the “manifest destiny” of China. The primary issue, here, is Tibetan independence. Once Tibetan political independence has been achieved, basic human rights will follow. Today, the Tibetan dilemma has hardly come to a conclusion. Tibet was unfairly conquered by China. Without reason, the peaceful people of Tibet, with their overflowing culture, have been put under arbitrary Han rule. The Chinese presence in Tibet has been the primary obstacle to Tibetan independence and further autonomy and the source of a suppression of religion, and various other human rights violations, including torture and restrictions on basic freedoms. With the Dalai Lama’s decision to ‘let the people decide’ (Masters paragraph 3), the Chinese government’s attempt to control information availability in China and religious authorities, and international protest against Chinese treatment of Tibetan monks, an easy conclusion seems no where in sight. Background Tibet, a region just north of the Himalayan Mountains and sometimes known as the highest region on earth, was discovered by Songtsän Gampo in when he united parts of the Yarlung River Valley in 627AD. From that point Tibet continued to develop, establishing Buddhism as the state religion and spreading their influence across central Asia. There were a few skirmishes with China but later a treaty was signed between the two outlining borders. It was not until the later 13th to 17th centuries when the Mongols conquered Tibet that the trouble begins. Before the Mongols conquered Tibet, they had first conquered China, and presently Mongols are classified as Chinese (in China), Tibet was under ‘Chinese’ rule and thus a part of China, uniting the whole area. Using this as justification, China invaded Tibet in 1950 claiming it to have always been a part of China after neglecting the country for nearly four decades. Since then, the Chinese Communist Party (the CCP), the CCP has dominated what is today known as the Tibet Autonomous Region, the TAR. Politically speaking, Tibet and China have been separate countries since the beginning and were only somewhat united under Mongolian rule. In fact, even during Mongolian rule, Tibet was not specifically joined together with China; moreover China’s Ming dynasty, China’s ruling dynasty after the Mongols had left, had no power over Tibet. Yet it has somehow been worked into the Chinese mindset that Tibet has all along been a part of china and therefore rightfully theirs (Sperling paragraph 3). Up until its annexation in 1950 the government of the Dalai Lama had reigned, ruling Tibet, signing foreign treaties, and handling domestic affairs. When China annexed Tibet, much of this was replaced. The Dalai Lama was forced to flee to India in March of 1959 after a rebellion in Lhasa against Han occupation (note: Han refers to the ethnic group native to China) where he has been since. Ever since the beginning of total Chinese rule, various attempts have been made by the United Nations and the US congress to ease tensions in Tibet which have, obviously, failed (Timeline). Most recently, the Chinese government in Beijing has protested against the resolution passed in March of 2009 by the US congress calling for China to “cease its repression of the Tibetan people.”(Wong paragraph 3) |
emlin |
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